1、墻面平整度檢查

　　刮膩子前應測量墻面的平整度（用2m以上檢測尺），以確定要刮膩子的方法。一般墻面刮2遍膩子即可，既能找平，又能罩住底色。平整度較差的墻面需要在局部多刮幾遍。如果平整度極差或墻面傾斜嚴重，可考慮先刮一遍找平石膏進行找平，之后再刮膩子。每遍膩子批刮的間隔時間應在2小時以上（表干以后）。

1. Wall flatness inspectionBefore applying putty, the flatness of the wall should be measured (using a measuring ruler of 2m or longer) to determine the method of applying putty. Generally, applying putty twice to the wall is sufficient, which can both level the surface and cover the underlying color. For walls with poor flatness, additional coats may be required in certain areas. If the flatness is extremely poor or the wall is severely tilted, consider applying a layer of leveling plaster first for leveling, and then applying putty. The interval between each coat of putty should be more than 2 hours (after the surface dries).

2、選擇耐水膩子

　　821是被命令限制使用的膩子品種，它不耐水、不結實、易起皮、開裂，很多工人為增加821的結實程度經常向其中添加白乳膠、108膠等膠水，為健康留下了隱患。耐水膩子不存在上述風險，它結實、耐水、兌水即可使用無需任何膠水、長期使用不需鏟除（10-20年），是真正能夠達到“一次施工長期受益”的產品。所以在選用膩子的同時，一定要綜合多方面因素的考慮，現在 產品很多，但對于刮膩子來說，要選擇不僅能夠很好的粘結，還能在平整墻面的同時使其干凈潔白。

2. Choose water-resistant putty. 821 is a type of putty that is restricted by order due to its poor water resistance, lack of durability, and tendency to peel and crack. Many workers often add white latex, 108 glue, and other adhesives to 821 to increase its durability, posing health hazards. Water-resistant putty does not have the aforementioned risks. It is durable, water-resistant, and can be used directly with water without any adhesives. It does not need to be removed after long-term use (10-20 years), making it a product that truly achieves "long-term benefits from one application". Therefore, when choosing putty, it is important to consider various factors comprehensively. There are many products available, but for puttying, it is necessary to choose one that not only adheres well but also levels the wall surface while keeping it clean and white.

3、石膏粗打底

　　耐水膩子單此施工不能刮得太厚，否則會在干燥過程中開裂，這是其美中不足的地方。因此，平整度較差時就需要多次施工，甚至用石膏先粗粗打一遍厚底才行。

3. Rough plastering with gypsum board. Water-resistant putty cannot be applied too thickly in a single application, as it may crack during the drying process, which is a minor flaw. Therefore, multiple applications are necessary when the flatness is poor, and it may even be necessary to apply a rough layer of gypsum board as a thick base first.

4、膩子配置

　　攪拌耐水膩子時，應按粉：水=2：1左右的比例配置，用電鉆先攪拌一遍，基本均勻后放置10分鐘左右，再用電鉆充分攪拌，這時便可以使用了。

4. Putty preparation When mixing water-resistant putty, prepare it at a ratio of approximately 2 parts powder to 1 part water. First, use an electric drill to mix the ingredients together. After achieving basic uniformity, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Then, use the electric drill to mix it thoroughly. At this point, the putty is ready for use.

5、找平石膏

　　嚴格說，找平石膏也算是一種膩子，但它的主要成分是石膏，表面較粗，適用于底層的厚找平，單次找平厚度可以達到5mm左右。好的找平石膏一定是具有一定耐水性，而且比耐水膩子粘接強度還要高的產品，只有這樣才能**在長期使用中不出問題。石膏與膩子的施工方法相似，..不同的就是石膏一般一遍即可，而且干燥凝固速度較快。

5. Leveling PlasterStrictly speaking, leveling plaster can also be considered as a type of putty, but its main component is gypsum, and its surface is relatively coarse, making it suitable for thick leveling of the substrate. The thickness of a single leveling can reach about 5mm. A good leveling plaster must have a certain water resistance, and it should have a higher bonding strength than water-resistant putty. Only in this way can it **avoid problems during long-term use. The construction methods of gypsum and putty are similar,.. The difference is that gypsum generally requires only one application, and it dries and sets faster.

6、打磨膩子

　　耐水膩子完全上強度之后（5-7天）會變得堅實無比，此時再進行打磨就會變得異常困難。因此，建議刮過膩子之后1-2天便開始進行膩子打磨。

打磨可選在夜間，用200瓦以上的電燈泡貼近墻面照明（白天也需要用燈泡找平），邊打磨邊查看平整程度。打磨膩子時會產生大量粉塵，請在場人員備好口罩，雖然膩子 、無害，但粉塵卻不是什么好東西，要注意預防。

6. Sanding putty: After the water-resistant putty has fully set (5-7 days), it becomes extremely hard, making sanding extremely difficult. Therefore, it is recommended to start sanding the putty 1-2 days after scraping it. Sanding can be done at night, using a light bulb of 200 watts or more to illuminate the wall surface (a light bulb is also needed for leveling during the day). While sanding, check the levelness. Sanding putty generates a lot of dust, so personnel on site should prepare masks. Although the putty itself is harmless, the dust is not good, so precautions should be taken.

7、刷底漆

　　清理打磨后的膩子表面的浮塵后，便可以涂刷底漆。底漆涂刷一遍即可，務必均勻，待其干透后（2-4小時）可以進行下一步驟。

7. Applying PrimerAfter cleaning the dust off the polished putty surface, the primer can be applied. The primer should be applied evenly in one coat, and the next step can be carried out after it dries completely (2-4 hours).